Wrench



May 12, 1942- w. A. PERVIER 2,282,743

WRENCH Filed April 24, 1941 lNvlENToR` I CL'a/g# Patente-d May 12, 1942 I y UNiTED STATES prrr OFFICE 2,282,743 7 WRENCH William A. Pervier, Watertown, Mass. Application April 24, 1941, Serial No. 390,079 5 Claims. (cl. si-sa) The invention relates to an improvement in Inter-posed between the driven member 4 and wrenches of a type especially designed for'turnthe driving member 8, and freely `rotatable upon ing nuts on, or off. the sleeve 'I', is a collar I2 constituting a com- The objective purpose of the invention is to bination driven and driving member for it is provide a wrench which will lessen the manual driven, invrotary direction, by the member 8 as applying it and for removing it. drive in rotary direction the driven member 4. The invention resides in the idea of utilizing The member I2 has formed or incised in the top the force generated by the momentum of a mass thereof a circumferential slot I3 which is a commoving at a relatively high speed for obtaining l0 plete circular slot excepting for a relatively short the objective purpose, together with the means arcuate portion I4 which forms a stop at the reby which this idea is physically attained. spective ends of the slot. The slot I3 occupies a The mode of attainment can best be seen and position adjacent the peripheral edge of the understood by reference to the drawing, in member I2, but inwardly removed from it; in fact which 1 jr, its position, with relation to the axis upon which Fig. 1 shows the wrench in side elevation. it turns, is the same as that occupied by the post Fig. 2 is a vertical section to the body of the II on the lmember 8 with relationV to like axis. wrench as shown in Fig. 1. Thus, when the members and I2 are brought Fig. 3 is a cross section on the line 3--3 of together, the post Il on the member 8 will nt Fig. 2. 130 within the slot I3 and turn freely therein in Fig. 4 is a cross section on the line 4-4 of either direction until it encounters the stop vI4 at Fig. Z. one or the other of the ends of the slot, dependshank of the wrench bearing at one end a socket Formed within the under side of the member I2 2 by which the Wrench is applied to a nut; and 5 is a circumferential slot I3 which, like the slot on its other end a handle 3 which is preferably I3, describes a complete -circle excepting fora flexibly secured to the end of the shank in known short arcuate portion I4 forming a stop at the manner. respective ends of the slot. This circumferential Arranged upon the shank I,between theA socket slot I3' occupies the saine relative position in the to the shank preferably by means of a sunken cupies av position, with relation to its axis of set screw 5. The collar 4 constitutes a driven turning, the same as the post 8 on the member 4 explained, are brought to bear upon this memwill rit within the slot I3, when the members I2 ber for turning it, and thereby turning the shank :a5 and 4 are brought together, and the member I2 and socket. The member 4 is provided with a turns freely with relation to the member 4 until short upstanding post 6 through which it is its post 6 engages the ,stop I 4 atene end or the turned. This post is arranged adjacent the peother of the slot-I3', depending lupon'the direcripheral edge of the member, but removed from tion Vthe member' I2' is turned. y Y

it. The member 4 has alsoA extending from it a i0 The members 4, 8 and I 2 are'held in proper it at a point adjacent the peripheral edge of the brought together to turn freely with relation to member, but inwardly removed from it. 55 each other, and the ball bearings lproperly relabor attending the turning of a nut, both for this member is turned and its turning acts to Referring to the drawing, I represents the ing upon the direction the member 8 is turned.

and handle, is a collar 4. This collar is aixed :lo member I2 as does the slot lI3, and it also oc' member, inasmuch as forces, as will presently be with relation to the same axis. Thus the post 6 relatively long sleeve 1 extending in the direcconjunctive relationto each other by means of tion of the handle, and embracing the body of the a collar I5 aixed to the sleeve 1 above the memshank. ber 8 on said sleeve. Surmounting the collar I5 Arranged upon the sleeve 1, and turnable is an adjusting nut I8 which is threaded to the freely thereon, is a collar 8 which is provided on 45 end of the sleeve. All the members 4, ily I2 and either side thereof with outstanding arms 9 bear- I5 are mounted to turn freely with relation to ing knobs I0 on their ends. The member 8 thus each otherQthere'bein'g ylocated between them provided with arms and knobs forms a relatively ball bearings I'I which run in suitable circular weighty member and may be turned in either raceways I8 formed in the respective members. direction by one grasping one or the other of the 5U These ball bearings ale preferably located adjaknobs and exerting a whirling motion. The cent the peripheral edges of the respective mem member 8 constitutes a driving member, and exbers, outside the posts and slots previously reerts a driving force through a post II aixedrto ferred to. When the members have 'been tained to run within their respective raceways, which adjustment may be brought about through turning of the adjusting nut I6, then the collar I is securely fixed to the shank I, as by a sunken set screw I9. Afterwards the adjusting nut I 6 may be turned down and set against the member I5.

The operation is as follows: First, with relation to the application of a nut by turning the member I 2, which forms the initial driving force, in a clockwise direction. Before this operation takes place the members 8 and I2 are turned to a position where the posts 6 and II will lie at the ends of the slots I3 and I3' in the member l2, adjacent the stops I4 and I 4 at the ends of the respective slots, and will be located at such ends of the respective slots that, in the ensuing turning operation, there will be free motion of the posts in the slots, or, in other words, the posts will idle along the slots until they engage the stops I4 and I4 at the opposite ends of the slots from those ends adjacent which the posts were initially set. In consequence, when the number 8 `is swiftly turned, by. application of force to one of its ball carrying arms, this member will turn freely through a distanceV slightly less than a complete circle before the post II carried by it has reached a position to turn the secondary member I2, whereupon this member, by the driving force initially given, will turn freely through a distance slightly less than a complete circle before any application of power is made to turn the driven member 4 and shank I to which this member is secured. In consequence, through the momentum acquired by the driving parts, and especially that of the weighted driving element 8, there will be stirred up a considerable amount of potential energy for turning the nut; in fact, if the nut in its application offers but little resistance to turning, it can be turned down to a position just short of its final set position by a single whirl of the driving member 8. After the nut has reached a position just short of its final set position, where the resistance to its turning is increased, then the operation isrepeated, whereupon the nut will be turned, as by a sharp blow, into its final set position.

The removal of a nut is accomplished by an initial setting of the parts, and movement reverse to that previously described. If the nut be hard set it may require one or more whirls of the weighted member 8, productive of hard, quick blows, to start it, after which its more easy resistance to turning may enable the nut to be turned 1 entirely 01T by a single whirl of the weighted member 8.

, Thus the objective end is attained. When the nut is reaching a set position, or is being turned away from a set position, it will offer a maximum of resistance to its turning. Consequently the mass is moved to acquire a high degree of momentum and is suddenly stopped, with the resultant action of striking the nut a quick hard blow for turning it, the forces being concentrated in the turning influence, and which are brought to a quick stop. On the other hand, if the nut be loose and turn more or less freely, then the force, developed by the momentum of the moving mass, is a protracted turning force which will operate to turn the nut through differ-ent phases of rotation, depending upon its resistance.

I claim: 1. In a wrench the combination comprising a shank with a work engaging end, a rotary driven member xed to said shank for turning it, a primary driving member freely rotatable in its relation to said shank and provided with means by which it may be manually rotated and momentum acquired, a secondary driving member freely rotatable in its relation to said shank, means connecting said driving members whereby said secondary driving member may be turned by and after a period of yfree rotation of said primary driven member, means connecting said secondary driving member and said driven member whereby said driven member may be turned by and after a period of free rotation of said secondary driving member, means whereby said primary driving member may be maintained to freely rotate in relation to said secondary driving member within the limits afforded the free rotation of said primary driving member when said primary and secondary driving members are held nested together, means whereby said secondary driving member may be maintained to freely rotate in relation to said driven member within the limits afforded the free rotation of said secondary driving member when said secondary driving vmember and said driven member are held nested together, and means for maintaining said members in nested relationship to each other.

2. In a wrench the combination comprising a shank with a work engaging end, a rotary driven member xed to said shank for turning it, a primary driving member freely rotatable in its relation to said shank provided with means by which it may be manually rotated and momentum acquired, a secondary driving member freely rotatable in its relation to said shank, means connecting said driving Vmembers whereby said secondary driving member may be turned by an-d after a period of free rotation of said. primary driving member, means connecting said secondary driving member and said driven member whereby said driven member may be returned by and after a period of free rotation of said secondary driving member and after not less than a complete rotation of said primary driving member, means whereby said primary driving member may be maintained to freely rotate in relation to said secondary driving member within the limits afforded the free rotation of said primary driving member when said primary and secondary driving members are held nested together, means whereby said secondary driving member may be maintained to fre-ely rotate in relation to f said driven member within the limits afforded the free rotation of said secondarydriving member when said secondary driving member and said driven member are held nested together, and means for maintaining said members in nested relationship to each other.

V3.In a wrench the combination comprising a driven member including a work engaging end rendered active on the turning of said driven member, a primary driving member having a period of free rotation, a secondary driving member having a period of free rotation, means whereby said primary driving member may have engagement with said secondary driving member for turning it after a period of free rotation of said primary driving member, means whereby said secondary driving member may have engagement with said driven member for turning it after a period of free rotation of said secondary driving member and only afternot less than a complete revolution of said primary driving member, means including friction reducing bearings whereby said driving member may be maintained to freely rotate in relation to said secondary driving member within the limits aorded the free rotation of said primary driving member when said primary and secondary driving members are heid nested together, means including friction reducing bearings whereby said secondary'driving member may be maintained to freely rotate in relation to said driven member within the limits afforded the free rotation of said secondary driving member when said secondary `driving member and said driven member are held nested together, and meansfor maintaining said members in nested relationship to each other.

4. In a wrench the combination comprising a driven member including a work engaging end rendered active on the turning of said driven member, a rotatable driving member having a period of free rotation, a secondary driving member having a period of free rotation, means including a slotted way and a pin entering said way whereby said primary driving member may have engagement with said secondary driving member for turning it after a period of free rotation of said primary driving member, and means including a slotted way and a pin entering said way whereby said secondry driving member may have engagement with said driven member for turning it after a period of free rotation of said secondary driving member and only after a complete revolution of said' primary driving member, and means for maintaining said members in nested relationship to each other.

5. In a wrench the combination comprising a Y driven member including a work engagingrend rendered active `on the turning of Vsaid driven member, a rotatable driving member having a period of free rotation, a secondary driving member having a period of free rotation, means including a slotted way and a pin entering said way whereby said primary driving member may have engagement with said secondary driving member for turning it after a period of free rotation oi said primary driving member, and means including a slotted way and a pin entering said way whereby said secondary driving member may have engagement with said driven member for turning it after a period of free rotation of said secondary driving member and only after a complete revolution of said primary driving member, means for maintaining said members in nested relationship to each other, and friction reducing bearings between said members lying outwardly beyond the slotted ways and pins entering said ways.

WILLIAM A. PERVIER. 

